Contract Employee's Newsletter
Helping Contract Professionals Manage Their Careers

September 15, 2001

Edited by James R. Ziegler

A Companion to:
The Contract Employee's Handbook
www.cehandbook.com

Sponsored by:
P.A.C.E. - Professional Association for Contract Employment
www.pacepros.com

 


About The Contract Employee's Newsletter

The Contract Employee's Newsletter is a free e-mail publication for technical and professional contractors containing news, commentary, tips, links to useful resources, nuggets of wisdom submitted by readers, and anything else that seems appropriate at the time. The CENewsletter is distributed bimonthly or whenever issues warrant. The subscriber list is confidential and will not be disclosed outside this organization.


In This Issue

Read the previous issue of The Contract Employee's Newsletter.


Suggest A Topic For The Newsletter

Mail your suggestions to suggestion@pacepros.com.


News and Views

Tempnapping And Agency Jumping Are Now Legal In New Hampshire

When one agency "steals" a temp from another agency it is called "tempnapping". When a temp changes from one employer of record to another it is called "agency jumping". In either case, the first agency is likely to sue the other one for tortious interference with a contractual relationship. A recent New Hampshire Supreme Court ruling makes tempnapping and agency jumping legal in that state. The ruling is good news for Contract Professionals, and it portends a profound change in the way recruiting firms will do business.

Temporary employees of staffing agencies are regular employees, and they are entitled to the same rights and privileges enjoyed by the employees of all companies, among which is the right to quit at will and go to work for the "competition" or any other company that offers a better working environment, a higher wage, and a superior benefits package.

Certainly, staffing agencies spend a lot of time and money recruiting temporary employees, and these agencies do not want to see their "investments" jump to another employer for a better deal, especially if that better deal is offered by a competing agency at the same client. But this holds for every employer, not just for staffing agencies. On August 15, 2001 the New Hampshire Supreme Court affirmed the right of staffing agency employees in New Hampshire to change their employer of record while continuing to work at the same client.

The Supreme Court decision is posted on the Web. In the following paragraphs I outline the logic behind the court's decision, using edited and direct excerpts from the public record.

In the original suit, the plaintiff, National Employment Service Corporation (National), alleged that the defendant, Olsten Staffing Service, Inc. (Olsten), violated a restrictive covenant (noncompete clause) in an employment contract between National and its temporary employees, and intentionally interfered with National's contractual relationship with its employees. Essentially, National sued Olsten for "Tempnapping," or tortious interference with a contractual relationship by hiring away National's temporary employees who continued working at the same client.

Covenants Not To Compete Are Unreasonable and Unenforceable

In supporting their position, Olsten first argues that the restrictive covenant in National's contracts with its employees is unreasonable and unenforceable.

"The public policy of New Hampshire encourages free trade and discourages covenants not to compete. Nevertheless, our courts uphold a limited restraint if reasonable as applied to the particular circumstances of the parties. A restraint on employment is reasonable only if it is no greater than necessary for the protection of the employer's legitimate interest, does not impose undue hardship on the employee, and is not injurious to the public interest."

Citing case law, Olsten asserts that:

"If a covenant violates any prong of the reasonableness test, it is unreasonable and unenforceable."

And furthermore:

"Covenants are valid only to the extent that they prevent employees from appropriating assets that are legitimately the employer's."

"Legitimate interests of an employer which may be protected from competition include: the employer's trade secrets which have been communicated to the employee during the course of employment; confidential information communicated by the employer to the employee, but not involving trade secrets, such as information on a unique business method; an employee's special influence over the employer's customers, obtained during the course of employment; contacts developed during the employment; and the employer business's development of goodwill and a positive image."

Based on this reasoning the court then finds:

"In this case, the sole "employer interest" articulated by National is the retention of employees for a sufficient period [90 days] to enable it to recoup costs associated with "recruiting, interviewing, checking references, qualifying, insuring, and placing" its employees. All businesses, however, incur expenses in recruiting and hiring employees. National does not allege that the restrictive covenant was necessary to prevent its employees from appropriating the company's confidential information, trade secrets, or goodwill. Its employees were light industrial laborers who were not in a position to appropriate the company's goodwill and were without access to sensitive information. Post-employment restrictions on such employees would be contrary to public policy and would impose an undue hardship, particularly for at-will employees who could be discharged at any time.

Thus, we hold that although there may be valid reasons to restrictive covenants, the mere cost associated with recruiting and hiring employees is not a legitimate interest protectable by a restrictive covenant in an employment contract. Because National has not met the first prong of the reasonableness test, the covenant is unreasonable and unenforceable."

No Tortious Interference

Next, Olsten argues that it was within its rights to offer employment to the employees of a competing agency, and, therefore, its recruiting of National's temporary employees at the same client was not tortious interference.

Citing additional case law the court noted that a competitor

"may offer better contract terms, as by offering an [at-will] employee of the plaintiff more money to work for him . . . and he may make use of persuasion or other suitable means, all without liability."

And

"Everyone has a right to offer better terms to another's employees so long as the latter is free to leave, and in inducing such an employee to quit his employment or in persuading him to enter his own employment, a third party acts within his legal rights and interferes with no contract relation in the sense here intended."

Thus the New Hampshire Supreme Court finds:

"We hold that the mere fact that a competitor induces an at-will employee to leave his employer and work for that competitor does not in and of itself constitute interference with contractual relations. The employer must demonstrate an improper purpose, beyond lawful competition, on the part of the competitor or the employee."

Again, quoting case law, the New Hampshire Supreme court concludes:

"It is unreasonable to restrict a[] [non-professional] employee to his current employer when he could do better elsewhere, especially when that employee could be discharged at will and without recourse."

Far Reaching Consequences

By this ruling, it would appear that the New Hampshire Supreme Court has struck down the validity of staffing agency noncompete clauses in that state. Tempnapping and agency jumping are now legal in New Hampshire. National required its light industrial temps to sign a noncompete clause with a duration of only 90 days. Yet, virtually all recruiting firms that employ contract employees impose noncompete clauses with durations as long as six months to one year. Surely, the gate is now open wide for every agency contractor in New Hampshire to jump to another agency at will with no consequence to either the contractor or the new agency.

By this ruling also, the Supreme Court has established a competitive environment in which staffing agencies will be compelled to compete for employees by offering better working conditions, higher wages, and superior benefits. Agencies that fail to compete for employees along these dimensions will fail to survive.

I see yet another, more profound, consequence of this ruling. The Supreme Court decision drives a wedge between the two distinct functions of "job placement" and "employer of record." It is the tieing of these two separate functions, facilitated by abusive noncompete clauses and a universal code of silence regarding the disclosure of billing rates, that has allowed predatory recruiting firms to profit from obscenely high margins and low pay rates. From now on, agencies will have to specialize in either one function or the other. They will no longer be able to compete simultaneously in both arenas.

On the one hand there will be agencies that only place contractors with clients. These agencies will be of two sorts: 1) Recruiters who charge a fee to the client to fulfill candidate search assignments, and 2) marketing agents who charge a fee to the contractor to fulfill project search assignments. Neither recruiters nor marketing agents will actually employ the contractor. Instead, contractors will be free to contract directly with the client or through an employer of record of the contractor's choice.

On the other hand there will be employers of record who will employ contractors for the purpose of mitigating the risks associated with co-employment and noncompliance with common law factors, and to provide contractors with back-office services and a superior benefits package. Employers of record will not place contractors. They will only employ them.

Firms that provide both functions simply will be unable to compete with the specialists. The New Hampshire ruling paves the way for contractors who were placed at a client by a "typical" recruiting firm to jump to a progressive employer of record like P.A.C.E. that operates on a very low margin and offers the best benefits package available to any employee in any company in the USA. This far reaching ruling by the New Hampshire Supreme Court is the beginning of the end for contractor recruiting firms as we have known them.

Judicial rulings in one state frequently provide precedents for judicial rulings and legislation in other states. Thus, this one Supreme Court ruling in just one state may be the splinter in the heel of the evil giant that brings the entire recruiting industry to submission in every state of the Union. These two agencies, National and Olsten, in fighting a seemingly inconsequential skirmish that went all the way to the New Hampshire Supreme Court may have ultimately lost the war for them both.

Contract Professionals in the state of New Hampshire are now free to change their employer of record at will. Naturally, I am highly biased, but I hope they will change their employer of record to P.A.C.E.

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Kudos and Testimonials

JobHuntersBible.com
What Color Is Your Parachute? A Practical Manual for Job-Hunters and Career-Changers
"This [The Contract Employee's Handbook] is an immensely useful handbook, covering every facet of doing temporary or contract work. The site also has a contract employee's newsletter. It's sponsored by the Professional Association for Contract Employment."

What Color Is Your Parachute is the best-selling job-hunting book in the world. Twenty thousand people buy the book each month, and there are more than 6 million copies in print. JobHuntersBible.com is the online presence of What Color Is Your Parachute? We are extremely proud that The Contract Employee's Handbook has been selected as a "Parachute Pick", their highest rating.

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Marketing Tips

Preformatted Job Board Links

I learned this trick from my friend, Keith Halperin. Keith is a contract recruiter in the San Francisco Bay Area. Contract recruiters are contractors who work for corporate HR departments. They usually bill their clients by the hour just like other contract professionals. Chances are, when you send your resume to jobs@CompanyName.com you will be contacted by a contract recruiter. Folks, these are the good guys. They have nothing in common with the predatory outside recruiting firms that skim thousands of dollars off the billing rate and force you to become their W-2 employee in order to take a contract assignment.

A preformatted job board link is the URL that appears at the top of the results page when you search online for jobs and contract assignments. Preformatted job board links can save you a lot of time during online job searches. You can use the same link over and over on subsequent searches.

You can create a preformatted job board link for each of your favorite job boards. First, carry out your job search in the usual way. Then, copy the resulting URL into a list of preformatted URLs in an e-mail message that you keep on hand for future searches. That way, every time you have to look for a new contract assignment you just open the e-mail and click on the active links.

Here is a preformatted job board link from FlipDog.com for <Oracle DBA> positions in the San Francisco area. In this search I unchecked the box: "Show recruiter & staffing agency listings".

http://www.flipdog.com/js/jobsearch-results.html?loc=CA-San+Francisco+Area&srch=oracle+dba&jobType=nonRecruiter&job=1

The search returned lots of jobs. Almost all of the jobs were posted by companies themselves.

I also searched using the keywords <recruiter or "human resources">. I selected "California" and "San Francisco Area", and the Job Category "Human Resources". Again I unchecked the box: "Show recruiter & staffing agency listings". This search also returned a goodly number of matches. Click on the preformatted job board link to see the search results for Recruiting and HR positions in the San Francisco Area.

http://www.flipdog.com/js/jobsearch-results.html?loc=CA-San+Francisco+Area&cat=Human+Resources
&srch=recruiter+or+%22human+resources%22&jobType=nonRecruiter&job=1

Revisit your list of preformatted job board links daily to check for fresh posts.

FlipDog.com claims to be the single largest employment search engine on the Web. FlipDog indexes jobs that are posted directly on corporate career pages. As you might expect, most of the jobs are full-time positions.

When you encounter a full-time job, just divide the upper value of the salary range by 1000. This gives an estimate of the equivalent hourly billing rate based on the fully-loaded labor cost. With this information you can go after jobs on a contract-to-hire basis. Once on board with a company, you can stay on contract indefinitely. Read about the divide-by-1000 rule of thumb in the article called Setting Your Rates.

It is highly beneficial financially that you work as a contractor rather than a full-time regular employee. However, if you land a contract assignment through a recruiting firm, or if you take a contract-to-hire (temp-to-perm) position through an agency, you will necessarily earn much less than a full-time regular employee with similar skills.

The rationale for this conclusion is discussed in the white paper Someone Else's Employee.

The Contract Employee's Handbook has a list of "contractor-friendly" job boards in Appendix A: Resources for Contract Workers.

Start with these "contractor-friendly" job boards to create your personal list of preformatted job board links customized to your specific skill set and geographic requirements.

Preformatted job board links don't always work all the time, but they work often enough.

Again, my thanks to Keith Halperin for turning me on to this nifty trick.

Share Your Proven Marketing Tips

Do you have a marketing tip that works well for you? May we share it with the Contract Professionals who read The Contract Employee's Newsletter? Send your proven marketing tips to suggestion@pacepros.com.

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Resources

NAPSTRACK Legislative Quarterly Report

Founded in 1961, the National Association of Personnel Services (NAPS) is the oldest association of its kind. NAPS represents 1800 staffing firms throughout the United States in contingency and retained search, direct hire, temporary staffing, employee leasing, and contract employment. Services to member firms include education and certification of staffing professionals and lobbying on behalf of the staffing industry.

NAPS, itself, is of no particular interest to highly compensated Contract Professionals. For one thing, the association represents member firms that universally view the client as their only customer. In other words, NAPS operates on the "wrong" side of the fence. Second, NAPS members deal mostly with lower paid clerical and light industrial workers.

Nevertheless, the NAPS website has one feature, NAPSTRACK, that should be of interest to every Contract Professional that uses recruiting firms to land contract assignments. The NAPSTRACK page reports quarterly updates on the status of legislative and court actions affecting the personnel services and staffing industry.

Below are some excerpts from the NAPSTRACK page dated June 2001. It is apparent from the court cases and pending legislation that states are moving, if only slowly, in the general direction of requiring full disclosure of billing rates, letting contractors seek higher wages and better benefits at the same client through a competing agency, and requiring that agencies offer minimal benefits to their temporary employees. This is good news for Contract Professionals who find work through recruiting firms.

CONNECTICUT
Pending Legislation
BILL NO.: H6629
SUMMARY: Requires staffing firm to pay temps wages no less than that of client's employees, and provide them with health insurance. Prohibits charging client a fee for hiring a temp.
STATUS: Labor and Public Employees Committee

BILL NO.: H5218
SUMMARY: Exempts computer workers who make at least $27.63 per hour from state overtime pay requirements.
STATUS: No action likely on this bill.

MARYLAND
Recent Litigation
CASE: Quality Systems v. Warman
COURT: Federal District Court, District of Maryland
SUMMARY: Court would not issue injunction against former employees of staffing firm who left as a group to work for competitor, since the only evidence as to their activities following termination was that they acted in unison. There was no evidence of utilizing trade secrets of plaintiff's.

MASSACHUSETTS
BILL NO.: S64
SUMMARY: Requires staffing firms to provide temps with wages and benefits equal to that of the client's employees. Repeals the exemption of temporary service firms from employment agency licensing law.
STATUS: Joint Commerce and Labor Committee.

BILL NO.: S131
SUMMARY: Requires staffing firms disclose to temps the rates they charge to the client.
STATUS: Joint Commerce and Labor Committee.

MICHIGAN
Recent Litigation
CASE: Sands Appliance Services v. Wilson
COURT: State Supreme Court
SUMMARY: Court invalidated an employment contract in which an employee agreed to reimburse employer $50 per week for job training obtained on the job by employee, if employee could not stay employed for at least six years. This contract was deemed to violate a Michigan statute which states, "An employer... shall not demand or receive, directly or indirectly from an employee, a fee, gift, tip, gratuity, or other remuneration or consideration, as a condition of employment or continuation of employment."

NEW HAMPSHIRE
Recent Litigation
CASE: National Employment Service Corporation v. Olsten Staffing Services
COURT: State Supreme Court
SUMMARY: Staffing firm's contracts with temps, which contained restrictive covenants prohibiting them from accepting employment at the client company for 90 days subsequent to termination, violated public policy and was unenforceable because the staffing firm had no protectable interest in restricting competition by employees who did not have access to trade secrets or confidential information, or have the ability to take advantage of client good will. Additionally, Court ruled for defendant in tempnapping case, holding that interference with at will employment relationship between staffing firm and its at will employees was not wrongful.

OREGON
Pending Legislation
BILL NO.: H2313
SUMMARY: Requires staffing firm to disclose to candidate upon request all fee agreements between it and the client.
STATUS: House Business Labor and Consumer Affairs Committee.

BILL NO.: S687
SUMMARY: Establishes task force to study increasing use of temporary employees who do not receive benefits.
STATUS: Ways and Means Committee.

PENNSYLVANIA
Recent Litigation
CASE: Robert Half International v. Gregory J. Stenz
COURT: Federal District Court, Eastern District
SUMMARY: Applying Delaware law, as specified in the contract between the parties, Court found that former employer of staffing manager for Accountemps office could not enforce clause in employment agreement which prohibited former employee from working for competing staffing firm, but could enforce clause prohibiting solicitation of former employer's clients or employees.

WASHINGTON
BILL NO.: S5033
SUMMARY: Requires staffing firm and clients to allow temps to inspect their personnel files.
STATUS: Bill passed Committee.

BILL NO.: S5259
SUMMARY: Requires disclosures by staffing firms to temps, including the bill rate.
STATUS: No further action likely this year. Will carry over to next year.

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P.A.C.E. News

Schwab Personal Choice Retirement Plan

P.A.C.E. gives its contract employees the best retirement savings plan available to ANY employee in ANY company in the USA.

The P.A.C.E. 401(k) Retirement Savings Plan is an extremely aggressive, 100% self-directed, retirement savings program designed for highly compensated employees. It is unexcelled by any employer of record service in the country. You may contribute pretax dollars equal to 25% of gross earnings up to $32,600 per year into a Charles Schwab Personal Choice Retirement Savings account. There is no waiting period to qualify, and contributions are immediately vested.

You have the freedom to customize your retirement portfolio by investing in any and all publicly traded stocks, bonds, and mutual funds, of which 1100 are no load and have no transaction fee. As a P.A.C.E. Contractor you have virtually the same investment options as a retail brokerage client of Charles Schwab & Co. No other retirement account offers a greater choice of tax-deferred investment options.

As a P.A.C.E. Division Manager you may access your retirement account through a dedicated Internet site where you can change your funds allocation and check the status of your investments at any time. Each month, and each time you change your funds allocation, Schwab issues a comprehensive hard-copy report on the status of your account. Needless to say, we are very excited about offering this program to P.A.C.E. Division Managers.

P.A.C.E. is a Win - Win - Win - Win Solution for Downsized Employees, Contract Employees, Independent Contractors, and Client Companies. Check out P.A.C.E. for the best benefits package available to ANY employee in ANY company in the USA.

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Contract Employee's Handbook

Appendix A: Resources For Contract Workers

Appendix A of The Contract Employee's Handbook contains almost 90 pages of annotated links of resources and web sites for Contract Professionals, yet it barely scratches the surface. Fortunately, the listed web sites have links, and the linked-to web sites have links, which in turn lead to more links, etc., etc. Given the incredible interconnectivity of the Web, just a little data mining will drill down and through to almost any resource you need.

The sheer abundance of information can be overwhelming. Example #1: The Internet has over 30,000 job boards. Where do you possibly start?

Example #2: Simply entering the keywords <contract employees> at Google.com returns 1.5 million web pages. (Happily, the Contract Employee's Handbook and P.A.C.E. are both listed at the very top of the list!) How can you find what you want in so much information?

Appendix A is a start. When you do search the Internet, use additional keywords to narrow down your search. When you find a web site that you like, scan it for descriptive words. Then include those words in your string of keywords when searching for new sites. When looking for job boards enter terms such as <northern california>, <bay area>, <silicon valley>, <94520> to retrieve job boards with regional listings. Enter additional keywords that describe your specific skill set to retrieve a more focused list. For example, using the text string <jobs "San Francisco" Cobol Java> will locate jobs and projects in the San Francisco area for the web enabling of Cobol systems.

My favorite search engine is Google.com, but you can find links to literally hundreds of search engines and directories in Appendix A under the heading "Search Engines and Tools." You will also find links to hundreds of newspaper classifieds and magazine indexes under the heading "Newspaper Classifieds and Magazine Indexes."

Appendix A is growing rapidly, and with the addition of new resources and headings this PDF document will soon number well over 100 pages. Click on the headings in the Bookmarks column to travel quickly to specific sections. For more general searches within Appendix A select the "Binoculars" icon in the menu bar and enter your keyword in the "Find What" window.

Do you have a favorite resource that is not yet listed in Appendix A? Send your recommendations to Resources@pacepros.com.

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Contract Employee's Glossary

Terminology For Contract Professionals
This issue focuses on terms relating to the legal status of independent contractors.

1706
In 1978 Congress passed a revenue act that established that employers could appeal reclassification of independent contractors by the IRS if the employer’s industry had consistently treated certain classes of workers as independent contractors. These provisions are spelled out in Section 530 of the revenue act.

Section 1706 of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 amended the Revenue Act of 1978 by adding a new subsection (d) to Section 530. Subsection 530(d) provides that employers threatened with IRS reclassification can no longer seek safe harbor relief for certain job classifications in which the worker is represented by a third-party agency. For some arcane reason Congress singled out for exclusion from safe harbor protection only individuals who provide services “as an engineer, designer, drafter, computer programmer, systems analyst, or other similarly skilled worker engaged in a similar line of work.”

Almost overnight, thousands of independent contractors found it necessary to convert from 1099 status to W-2 status as client companies grew increasingly fearful of IRS audits that might reclassify independent contractors as employees of the client.

The overriding impact of Section 1706 is that it precipitated a mass hysteria among corporate HR departments as the IRS began to reclassify technical contractors working through third-party agencies. The IRS became more aggressive, and employers began to discriminate against all independent contractors, even true consultants and one-person corporations. Thus, Section 1706 fueled the rise in popularity of scaled-up temp agencies, and thereby caused untold thousands of contractors to lose control over their contracting careers.

Common law
Common law is the body of law developed in England primarily from judicial decisions based on custom and precedent, unwritten in statute or code, and constituting the basis of the English legal system and of the system in all of the U.S. except Louisiana. Essentially, common law is law that comes from common practice, as opposed to legislation.

Common law factors.
Common law factors are guidelines drawn from past experience. For example, the IRS and many state and federal agencies have issued lists of common law factors that in the aggregate discriminate between employees and independent contractors. The IRS once published a list of 20 common law factors, known popularly as “the twenty questions.” The list has been shortened and modified somewhat in the 1996 IRS training manual called Independent Contractor or Employee. The training manual identifies 11 common law factors in three areas of “control.” The courts have cited at least 57 common law factors over the years in determining worker status.

Independent contractor
The IRS recognizes two types of worker status for tax collection purposes: employee and independent contractor. An independent contractor is any worker or entity for hire that is not an employee. Independent contractors may be sole proprietorships, partnerships, limited liability companies, or corporations. Most technical and professional consultants are either sole proprietorships or one-person corporations. These are the two business forms that we usually associate with individuals who operate as independent contractors. There is some disagreement about the precise definition of an independent contractor. Some authors restrict the term to individuals working as an independent business. Others include all businesses ranging in size from a one-person operation to the largest mega-corporation.

IRS Form SS-8
This form is titled "Determination of Worker Status for Purposes of Federal Employment Taxes and Income Tax Withholding". You can ask the IRS to make a determination as to whether an employer-employee relationship exists by filing Form SS-8. If the IRS finds that an employer has incorrectly treated you as an independent contractor the employer may be liable for the social security and Medicare tax withholding that the employer failed to withhold and pay.

IRS Form W-9
This form is titled "Request for Taxpayer Identification Number and Certification". Independent contractors are required to give their clients a valid tax identification number (TIN) at the beginning of the client-vendor relationship. IRS Form W-9 is used for this purpose. Sole proprietors may submit their Social Security number or a Federal Employer Identification Number (FEIN) if they have one. All other independent contractors must submit a valid FEIN. If an independent contractor fails to provide a valid TIN, the client is required to withhold 31% of what they owe the contractor as an assessment for income taxes. This assessment is called backup withholding. In practice a client company should never engage the services of an independent contractor, or any other vendor for that matter, without first obtaining the vendor’s TIN.

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Contract Employee's Workshop

Have LCD Projector, Will Travel

I am developing an all-day Saturday Workshop for technical and professional contractors. I call it The Contract Employee's Workshop. (How original!)

During the initial shakedown period I will offer the workshop in the San Francisco Bay Area. Cost of admission will be in the neighborhood of $50, provided I can locate an inexpensive yet comfortable venue large enough to hold at least 50 people. It would be nice to have a corporate sponsor for the workshop, especially if I don't have to sell my soul (and halo) to qualify for their support. Ideas anyone?

Participants will leave the workshop with a solid understanding of how this crazy contracting industry works. Agency contractors will learn how to increase their earnings by 30% to 50% on their very next contract assignment. The handouts alone are worth the cost of admission.

After the initial shakedown I'll take the workshop on the road to those cities across the US that express the greatest interest in The Contract Employee's Workshop.

I'm open to suggestions. E-mail your ideas and suggestions to Workshop@pacepros.com

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The Contract Employee's Project

The Contract Employee's Project is the larger context under which the following interrelated vehicles operate to promote and defend the interests of Contract Professionals:

  • The Contract Employee's Handbook
  • The Contract Employee's Newsletter
  • The Contract Employee's Workshop
  • Professional Association for Contract Employment (P.A.C.E.)

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Copyright and Publication Info

Copyright (c) 2001, James R. Ziegler. All rights reserved.

You may copy or forward this free publication provided it is left intact with all links and this notice unchanged. Any unauthorized duplication, including republication in part or in full for commercial use, is an infringement of copyright.

Published by:
P.A.C.E. - Professional Association for Contract Employment
1355 Willow Way, Suite 244
Concord, CA 94520
U.S.A.
http://www.pacepros.com/

Editor:
James R. Ziegler, Ph.D.
Executive Director
P.A.C.E. -- Professional Association for Contract Employment
(925) 680-0200
ziegler@pacepros.com

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Disclaimer

The Contract Employee's Newsletter is designed to provide information in regard to the subject matter covered. Use is granted with the understanding that the publisher and authors are not engaged in rendering legal or financial advice. If expert assistance is required you should seek the services of a competent professional.

The purpose of this information is to educate and entertain. The publisher and contributors shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to be caused, directly or indirectly, by the information contained in this Newsletter or by information contained in any web site or resource referenced by citation or hypertext link within the pages of this Newsletter.

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Sign-off

I hope you have found the information in this newsletter to be interesting, informative, and provocative. I encourage you to share the CENewsletter with your friends, colleagues, coworkers, clients, and agency recruiters.

Why clients? Because you need every ally you can get. Why agency recruiters? Because they need to know the jig is up.

Wishing you success in your contracting career,

James R. Ziegler, Ph.D.
Executive Director
P.A.C.E. -- Professional Association for Contract Employment

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